standupmaths: How to estimate a population using statisticians
How could you estimate population size? Catch random sample of individuals to be "marked" (capture). Catch another random sample and count proportion of the "marked" (recapture). The proportion of the "marked" in the second sample is statistically equivalent to the proportion of the "marked" in whole population.
Given that we have marked
You can find two exemplary experiments in a video by Matt Parker (one of the most well-known standup mathematicians).